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Intellectual dark web

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a>.</div>

The intellectual dark web (IDW) is a loose affiliation of academics and social commentators who oppose what they perceive as the influence of left-wing <a href="Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a> and <a href="Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a> in higher education and mass media.

Individuals and publications associated with the term reject what they view as <a href="Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarianism</a> and <a href="Ostracism" title="Ostracism">ostracism</a> within mainstream <a href="Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> movements in <a href="Western_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Western countries">Western countries</a>. This includes opposition to <a href="Deplatforming" title="Deplatforming">deplatforming</a>, <a href="Boycott" title="Boycott">boycotts</a>, and <a href="Online_shaming" title="Online shaming">online shaming</a>, which are perceived as threats to <a href="Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_usage">Origin and usage</h2></div>

The term "intellectual dark web" was coined as a joke<a href="#cite_note-Kelsey_p174-1">[1]</a> by mathematician and venture capitalist <a href="Eric_Weinstein" title="Eric Weinstein">Eric Weinstein</a> and popularized by New York Times opinion editor <a href="Bari_Weiss" title="Bari Weiss">Bari Weiss</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sheedy_p89-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Postill_2024-3">[3]</a> It has been used to refer to various academics and social commentators who express concerns over the perceived excesses of left-wing <a href="Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">identity politics</a> and <a href="Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sheedy_p89-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Postill_2024-3">[3]</a> Media studies scholar John Postill argues that Weiss's essay, titled "Meet the Renegades", was a "defining media event" that offered an identity and cast of characters for the "<a href="Anti-woke" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-woke">anti-woke</a>" movement to follow.<a href="#cite_note-Postill_2024-3">[3]</a>

The first recorded usage of the term was on a 2017 episode of <a href="Sam_Harris" title="Sam Harris">Sam Harris</a>'s podcast, when Weinstein used it to refer to a group of thinkers, including Weinstein and Harris, who used <a href="Digital_media" title="Digital media">digital media</a> to offer alternatives to <a href="Mainstream_media" title="Mainstream media">mainstream media</a> narratives.<a href="#cite_note-Postill_2024-3">[3]</a> This occurred after Weinstein's brother, biologist <a href="Bret_Weinstein" title="Bret Weinstein">Bret Weinstein</a>, resigned in 2017 from his position as professor of biology at the <a href="Evergreen_State_College" title="Evergreen State College">Evergreen State College</a> in response to protests against <a href="Bret_Weinstein#Evergreen_State_College_Day_of_Absence" title="Bret Weinstein">his criticism of a campus event</a> that asked <a href="White_people" title="White people">white</a> students to stay off campus, as opposed to the previous annual tradition of <a href="Black_people" title="Black people">black</a> students voluntarily absenting themselves.<a href="#cite_note-Svrluga_2017-4">[4]</a>

Derek Beres argues for <a href="Big_Think" title="Big Think">Big Think</a> that other controversies, dating back to 2014, should also be viewed as antecedents to the IDW. These include a debate between Harris and <a href="Ben_Affleck" title="Ben Affleck">Ben Affleck</a> on <a href="Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher" title="Real Time with Bill Maher">Real Time with Bill Maher</a> in October 2014, the publication of "<a href="Google's_Ideological_Echo_Chamber" title="Google's Ideological Echo Chamber">Google's Ideological Echo Chamber</a>" by <a href="James_Damore" class="mw-redirect" title="James Damore">James Damore</a> in August 2017, and <a href="Cathy_Newman" title="Cathy Newman">Cathy Newman</a>'s interview of <a href="Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Jordan Peterson</a> on <a href="Channel_4_News" title="Channel 4 News">Channel 4 News</a> in January 2018, each of which related to controversial topics such as <a href="Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a> and <a href="Workplace_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Workplace diversity">workplace diversity</a> policies.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership_and_ideology">Membership and ideology</h2></div>

The IDW comprises an ideologically diverse network of commentators who share an opposition to left-wing identity politics and political correctness.<a href="#cite_note-Postill_2024-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hamburger_2018-6">[6]</a> Other issues of concern include <a href="Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">postmodernism</a> and "<a href="Cultural_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Marxism">cultural Marxism</a>", which are perceived as contributing to <a href="Moral_relativism" title="Moral relativism">moral relativism</a> and the suppression of <a href="Free_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Free speech">free speech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheedy202289–90-7">[7]</a>

In her essay, Weiss characterized IDW members as "<a href="Iconoclastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iconoclastic">iconoclastic</a>" and "academic renegades"<a href="#cite_note-Finlayson_2021-8">[8]</a> who had found audiences online after being "purged" from institutions that had become "hostile to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unorthodox" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:unorthodox">unorthodox</a> thought".<a href="#cite_note-Postill_2024-3">[3]</a> Eric Weinstein described the IDW as being opposed to "the gated institutional narrative" of the mainstream media and political elites.<a href="#cite_note-Kelsey_p174-1">[1]</a> IDW figures often use <a href="Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">alternative media</a>, including podcasts and newsletters, to build identification with audiences who are disillusioned with mainstream media and politics by branding themselves as <a href="Reason" title="Reason">reasonable</a> thinkers and reinforcing narratives of <a href="Political_polarization" title="Political polarization">political polarization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Baker_2022-9">[9]</a> According to Weiss, many IDW members have identified as <a href="Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>, including "New Atheists" <a href="Ayaan_Hirsi_Ali" title="Ayaan Hirsi Ali">Ayaan Hirsi Ali</a>, <a href="Sam_Harris" title="Sam Harris">Sam Harris</a>, and <a href="Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Steven Pinker</a>. Commentators such as <a href="Douglas_Murray_(author)" title="Douglas Murray (author)">Douglas Murray</a>, <a href="Maajid_Nawaz" title="Maajid Nawaz">Maajid Nawaz</a>, <a href="Joe_Rogan" title="Joe Rogan">Joe Rogan</a>, and <a href="Dave_Rubin" title="Dave Rubin">Dave Rubin</a> are also included.<a href="#cite_note-Sheedy_p89-2">[2]</a> Other notable IDW members according to Weiss include Bret and Eric Weinstein, <a href="Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Jordan Peterson</a>, <a href="Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Ben Shapiro</a>, <a href="Heather_Heying" title="Heather Heying">Heather Heying</a>, and <a href="Christina_Hoff_Sommers" title="Christina Hoff Sommers">Christina Hoff Sommers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Postill_2024-3">[3]</a>

IDW beliefs overlap with those of the <a href="Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> movement while tending to avoid explicit <a href="White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a> and <a href="Ethnonationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnonationalism">ethnonationalism</a>. Similarities with the alt-right are seen in debates over <a href="Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a>, <a href="Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>, <a href="Men's_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Men's rights">men's rights</a>, and <a href="Race_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Race science">race science</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sheedy_p89-2">[2]</a> IDW commentators tend to dismiss issues of <a href="Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">transgender rights</a> and <a href="Racial_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial inequality">racial</a> and <a href="Gender_inequality" title="Gender inequality">gender inequality</a> as the concerns of leftist "<a href="Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">social justice warriors</a>" while welcoming some gay men, such as Murray and Rubin, into their ranks.<a href="#cite_note-Sheedy_p89-2">[2]</a> A 2019 study by <a href="#CITEREFRibeiroOttoniWestAlmeida2020">Ribeiro et al.</a> examining patterns of user comments on <a href="YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> videos described the IDW as a "gateway to the far right".<a href="#cite_note-Sheedy_p89-2">[2]</a> Jacob Hamburger argues in the <a href="Los_Angeles_Review_of_Books" title="Los Angeles Review of Books">Los Angeles Review of Books</a> that the IDW belongs to a <a href="Neoconservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoconservative">neoconservative</a> tradition of attacks on "political correctness" that began during the <a href="Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a>, associated with commentators such as <a href="Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Allan Bloom</a>, <a href="Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Roger Kimball</a>, <a href="Dinesh_D%E2%80%99Souza" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh D’Souza">Dinesh D’Souza</a>, <a href="David_Brooks_(commentator)" title="David Brooks (commentator)">David Brooks</a>, <a href="Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Irving Kristol</a>, and <a href="Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Norman Podhoretz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hamburger_2018-6">[6]</a> Hamburger describes leftists along with <a href="Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberals</a> and <a href="Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressives</a> as the "primary adversaries" of the IDW.<a href="#cite_note-Hamburger_2018-6">[6]</a>

Some IDW members describe themselves as liberals in opposition to what they perceive as the excesses and indifference of the <a href="American_Left" title="American Left">American Left</a>, while others lean to the right.<a href="#cite_note-Fouriezos_2020-10">[10]</a> Those who have been linked to the IDW are generally critical of what they perceive as "conformist" liberals, and some have been associated with the <a href="Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">alt-lite</a> and the <a href="Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Finlayson_2021-8">[8]</a> Political scientist <a href="Daniel_W._Drezner" title="Daniel W. Drezner">Daniel W. Drezner</a> argues that the IDW contributes to polarization because of its need to appeal to a primarily right-wing audience, despite the political leanings of individual members.<a href="#cite_note-Drezner_2018-11">[11]</a> <a href="The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> characterizes the IDW as an ill-defined movement composed of figures from both "the right and sometimes left extremes of the political spectrum" who share a belief in "hardcore libertarianism". This includes "mainstream intellectuals" such as <a href="Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Steven Pinker</a> alongside "cranks and show-offs" such as <a href="Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a> and <a href="Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

Nick Fouriezos of <a href="Ozy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozy">Ozy</a> magazine describes IDW as "a growing school of thought that includes a collection of mostly left-leaning professors, pundits and thinkers united in their criticism of the modern social justice movement as authoritarian and illogical."<a href="#cite_note-Fouriezos_2020-10">[10]</a> Liberals who have been labelled as being part of the IDW often credit the <a href="European_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="European Enlightenment">European Enlightenment</a> with vast improvements in human welfare since the 18th century, and see Enlightenment values such as freedom of speech and individual rights as threatened by both political correctness on the left, and <a href="Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a> and <a href="Christian_right" title="Christian right">religious conservatism</a> on the right.<a href="#cite_note-Fouriezos_2020-10">[10]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

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Criticism of the IDW has come primarily from the left and support from the right.<a href="#cite_note-Hamburger_2018-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Jonah Goldberg</a>, writing in the <a href="National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>, said the "label is a bit overwrought", writing that it struck him "as a marketing label – and not necessarily a good one. ... It seems to me this IDW thing isn't actually an intellectual movement. It's just a coalition of thinkers and journalists who happen to share a disdain for the keepers of the liberal orthodoxy."<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="Henry_Farrell_(political_scientist)" title="Henry Farrell (political scientist)">Henry Farrell</a>, writing in <a href="Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a>, expressed disbelief that conservative commentator <a href="Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Ben Shapiro</a> or neuroscientist <a href="Sam_Harris" title="Sam Harris">Sam Harris</a>, both claimed to be among the intellectual dark web by Weiss, could credibly be described as either purged or silenced.<a href="#cite_note-Farrell_2018-15">[15]</a> Weiss' fellow New York Times columnist <a href="Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a> argued there was an irony in claiming popular intellectual oppression by the mainstream while still publishing in the Times, among the most prominent newspapers in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="David_French" title="David French">David French</a> contended many of the critics were missing the point, and were instead inadvertently confirming "the need for a movement of intellectual free-thinkers."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>

In 2019, a study from the <a href="Federal_University_of_Minas_Gerais" title="Federal University of Minas Gerais">Federal University of Minas Gerais</a> found a pattern of migration of viewers who comment on <a href="YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> videos; they went from commenting on clips associated with the IDW and the "alt-lite" to commenting on more "right-wing and/or alt-right" videos. The study looked at over 331,000 videos that an algorithm had classified as right-wing, analyzed 79 million YouTube comments, and found a group that migrated from IDW channels to "alt-lite" channels, and then to alt-right channels. The subjects who left comments at an IDW channel were more likely to graduate, after a few years, to leaving significantly more comments on alt-right channels than the control group. The study's authors said they were not intending to "point fingers", but to draw attention to the effects of YouTube's <a href="Recommendation_algorithm" class="mw-redirect" title="Recommendation algorithm">recommendation algorithm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ribeiro_2020-19">[19]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a> – American comedian and television host (born 1956)</li>

<li><a href="Culture_war" title="Culture war">Culture war</a> – Conflict between cultural values</li>

<li><a href="Claire_Lehmann" title="Claire Lehmann">Claire Lehmann</a> – Australian writer (born 1985)</li>

<li><a href="Dark_web" title="Dark web">Dark web</a> – World Wide Web content existing on darknets</li>

<li><a href="Debra_Soh" title="Debra Soh">Debra Soh</a> – Canadian sex researcher</li>

<li><a href="Heterodox_Academy" title="Heterodox Academy">Heterodox Academy</a> – American advocacy group</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFKelsey2020" class="citation book cs1">Kelsey, Darren (2020). "Archetypal Populism: The 'Intellectual Dark Web' and the 'Peterson Paradox'". In Kranert, Michael (ed.). Discursive Approaches to Populism Across Disciplines: The Return of Populists and the People. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 174. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-55038-7_7">10.1007/978-3-030-55038-7_7</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-030-55038-7</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Sheedy_p89-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sheedy_p89_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheedy_p89_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheedy_p89_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheedy_p89_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheedy_p89_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sheedy_p89_2-5">f</a> <cite id="CITEREFSheedy2022" class="citation book cs1">Sheedy, Matt (2022). Owning the Secular: Religious Symbols, Culture Wars, Western Fragility. Routledge Focus on Religion. London: Routledge. pp. 89–90. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003031239">10.4324/9781003031239</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-367-46802-6</bdi>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Postill_2024-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Postill_2024_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Postill_2024_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Postill_2024_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Postill_2024_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Postill_2024_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Postill_2024_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Postill_2024_3-6">g</a> <cite id="CITEREFPostill2024" class="citation book cs1">Postill, John (2024). "Introduction". The Anthropology of Digital Practices: Dispatches from the Online Culture Wars. New York: Routledge. pp. 7–8. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003335238">10.4324/9781003335238</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-003-85133-2</bdi>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Svrluga_2017-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Svrluga_2017_4-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSvrlugaHeim2017" class="citation news cs1">Svrluga, Susan; Heim, Joe (June 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/06/01/threats-shut-down-college-embroiled-in-racial-dispute/">"Threat shuts down college embroiled in racial dispute"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526100104/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/06/01/threats-shut-down-college-embroiled-in-racial-dispute/">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved July 14, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBeres2018" class="citation web cs1">Beres, Derek (March 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigthink.com/21st-century-spirituality/5-key-issues-that-led-to-the-rise-of-the-intellectual-dark-web">"5 key moments that led to the rise of the Intellectual Dark Web"</a>. Big Think. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190326062157/https://bigthink.com/21st-century-spirituality/5-key-issues-that-led-to-the-rise-of-the-intellectual-dark-web">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Hamburger_2018-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hamburger_2018_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamburger_2018_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamburger_2018_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamburger_2018_6-3">d</a> <cite id="CITEREFHamburger2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Hamburger, Jacob (July 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-intellectual-dark-web-is-nothing-new/#!">"The 'Intellectual Dark Web' Is Nothing New"</a>. Los Angeles Review of Books. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327104249/https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-intellectual-dark-web-is-nothing-new/#!">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2024. <q>Despite their various differences, all members of the movement believe their ideas are being stifled by an epidemic of 'political correctness.' [...] These thinkers ought not to be allowed to pretend that its ideas are, historically speaking, anything other than conservative.</q></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheedy202289–90-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheedy202289–90_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSheedy2022">Sheedy (2022)</a>, pp. 89–90: "For some IDW figures, the influence of postmodernism and 'cultural Marxism' is said to be particularly dangerous, contributing to moral relativism, political correctness, and the stifling of free speech."

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Finlayson_2021-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Finlayson_2021_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Finlayson_2021_8-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFFinlayson2021" class="citation journal cs1">Finlayson, Alan (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F02632764211036731">"Neoliberalism, the Alt-Right and the Intellectual Dark Web"</a>. Theory, Culture & Society. 38 (6): 167–190. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F02632764211036731">10.1177/02632764211036731</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1460-3616">1460-3616</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239690708">239690708</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Baker_2022-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Baker_2022_9-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBakerMaddox2022" class="citation journal cs1">Baker, Stephanie Alice; Maddox, Alexia (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5204%2Fmcj.2872">"From COVID-19 Treatment to Miracle Cure: The Role of Influencers and Public Figures in Amplifying the Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin Conspiracy Theories during the Pandemic"</a>. M/C Journal. 25 (1). <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5204%2Fmcj.2872">10.5204/mcj.2872</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1441-2616">1441-2616</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Fouriezos_2020-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fouriezos_2020_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fouriezos_2020_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fouriezos_2020_10-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFFouriezos2020" class="citation web cs1">Fouriezos, Nick (August 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ozy.com/news-and-politics/american-fringes-the-intellectual-dark-web-declares-its-independence/362845/">"American Fringes: The Intellectual Dark Web Declares Its Independence"</a>. Ozy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919021953/https://www.ozy.com/news-and-politics/american-fringes-the-intellectual-dark-web-declares-its-independence/362845/">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Drezner_2018-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Drezner_2018_11-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDrezner2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Daniel_W._Drezner" title="Daniel W. Drezner">Drezner, Daniel W.</a> (May 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2018/05/11/the-ideas-industry-meets-the-intellectual-dark-web/">"The Ideas Industry meets the intellectual dark web"</a>. PostEverything. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529031640/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2018/05/11/the-ideas-industry-meets-the-intellectual-dark-web/">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/shortcuts/2018/may/09/the-ntellectual-dark-web-the-supposed-thinking-wing-of-the-alt-right">"The 'Intellectual Dark Web' – the supposed thinking wing of the alt-right"</a>. The Guardian. May 9, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190610151510/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/shortcuts/2018/may/09/the-ntellectual-dark-web-the-supposed-thinking-wing-of-the-alt-right">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBowden2019" class="citation web cs1">Bowden, Blaine (May 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://areomagazine.com/2019/05/06/yes-the-intellectual-dark-web-is-politically-diverse/">"Yes, The Intellectual Dark Web Is Politically Diverse"</a>. Areo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805120237/https://areomagazine.com/2019/05/06/yes-the-intellectual-dark-web-is-politically-diverse/">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Goldberg, Jonah</a> (May 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/intellectual-dark-web-bari-weiss/">"Evaluating the 'Intellectual Dark Web'"</a>. National Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200715125707/https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/intellectual-dark-web-bari-weiss/">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Farrell_2018-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Farrell_2018_15-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFarrell2018" class="citation web cs1">Farrell, Henry (May 10, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/the-big-idea/2018/5/10/17338290/intellectual-dark-web-rogan-peterson-harris-times-weiss">"The 'Intellectual Dark Web,' explained: what Jordan Peterson has in common with the alt-right"</a>. Vox. Retrieved July 14, 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBonazzo2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="David_A._French" class="mw-redirect" title="David A. French">Bonazzo, John</a> (August 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observer.com/2018/05/new-york-times-bari-weiss-intellectual-dark-web-twitter/">"NY Times 'Intellectual Dark Web' Story Savaged on Twitter—Even by Paper's Staffers"</a>. The New York Observer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722165419/https://observer.com/2018/05/new-york-times-bari-weiss-intellectual-dark-web-twitter/">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2019. Retrieved June 25, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFFrench2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="David_A._French" class="mw-redirect" title="David A. French">French, David A.</a> (May 11, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/05/intellectual-dark-web-meaning-audience/">"Critics Miss the Point of the 'Intellectual Dark Web'"</a>. National Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190813064324/https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/05/intellectual-dark-web-meaning-audience/">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2019. Retrieved June 25, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDickson2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Dickson, EJ (August 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/youtube-far-right-radicalization-study-877061/">"Study Shows How the 'Intellectual Dark Web' Is a Gateway to the Far Right"</a>. Rolling Stone. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190921044442/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/youtube-far-right-radicalization-study-877061/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Ribeiro_2020-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Ribeiro_2020_19-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRibeiroOttoniWestAlmeida2020" class="citation book cs1">Ribeiro, Manoel Horta; Ottoni, Raphael; West, Robert; Almeida, Virgílio A F; Meira Meira, Wagner (2020). "Auditing radicalization pathways on YouTube". Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 131–141. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3351095.3372879">10.1145/3351095.3372879</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781450369367</bdi>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201316434">201316434</a>.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFDoody2024" class="citation journal cs1">Doody, Sean (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440435">"Making sense of a pandemic: reasoning about COVID-19 in the intellectual dark web"</a>. Frontiers in Sociology. 9. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffsoc.2024.1374042">10.3389/fsoc.2024.1374042</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2297-7775">2297-7775</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440435">11440435</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFLester2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Lester, Amelia (November–December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/11/11/intellectual-dark-web-quillette-claire-lehmann-221917/">"The Voice of the 'Intellectual Dark Web'"</a>. Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181112000033/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/11/11/intellectual-dark-web-quillette-claire-lehmann-221917">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2018.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="Bari_Weiss" title="Bari Weiss">Weiss, Bari</a> (May 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/08/opinion/intellectual-dark-web.html">"Meet the Renegades of the Intellectual Dark Web"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131000213/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/08/opinion/intellectual-dark-web.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2020.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Jordan_Peterson58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Jordan Peterson</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Maps_of_Meaning" title="Maps of Meaning">Maps of Meaning</a> (1999)</li>

<li><a href="12_Rules_for_Life" title="12 Rules for Life">12 Rules for Life</a> (2018)</li>

<li><a href="Beyond_Order" title="Beyond Order">Beyond Order</a> (2021)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alliance_for_Responsible_Citizenship" title="Alliance for Responsible Citizenship">Alliance for Responsible Citizenship</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">The Daily Wire</a></li>

<li><a href="Peterson_Academy" title="Peterson Academy">Peterson Academy</a></li>

<li><a href="Ralston_College" title="Ralston College">Ralston College</a></li>

<li><a href="Thinkspot" title="Thinkspot">Thinkspot</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canadian conservatism</a></li>

<li><a href="Analytical_psychology" title="Analytical psychology">Jungian psychology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cathy_Newman#Jordan_Peterson_interview" title="Cathy Newman">Interview with Cathy Newman</a></li>

<li><a href="An_Act_to_amend_the_Canadian_Human_Rights_Act_and_the_Criminal_Code#Reception" title="An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code">Opposition to Bill C-16</a></li>

<li><a href="Peterson%E2%80%93%C5%BDi%C5%BEek_debate" title="Peterson–Žižek debate">Peterson–Žižek debate</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Criticism_of_postmodernism" title="Criticism of postmodernism">Criticism of postmodernism</a></li>

<li><a href="No_Safe_Spaces" title="No Safe Spaces">No Safe Spaces</a> (2019)</li>

<li><a href="The_Rise_of_Jordan_Peterson" title="The Rise of Jordan Peterson">The Rise of Jordan Peterson</a> (2019)</li></ul>

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